Ada yang menarik dari setiap akhir ayat-ayat puasa atau shiyam Ramadhan, yakni ayat 183 hingga 187 surah al-Baqarah. Setiap ayatnya selalu diakhiri oleh kata yang berbentuk Fi’il Mudhari’ atau dalam bahasa Inggris present dan future tense. Ayat ke-183 diakhiri kata tattaqun, ayat ke-184 ta’lamun, ayat ke-185 tasykurun, ayat ke-186 yarsyudun, dan ayat ke-187 yattaqun. Dengan susunan seperti itu, selain tampak keindahan repetisi-puitis, juga menurut para mufasir, medan maknanya menjadi benderang. Penekanannya; diawali dan diakhiri dengan kata yang sama: attaqwa. Jadi agar beroleh takwa merupakan tujuan utama dari ayat-ayat puasa.
Selanjutnya, kecuali ayat ke-184, semua ayat-ayat shiyam tersebut didahului oleh kata la’alla. Menurut para pakar tata bahasa Arab, kata la’alla menunjukkan arti harapan (tarajji). Atas dasar hal itu, menurut seorang mufasir, orientasi dan ekspektasi dari disyariatkannya perintah ibadah berpuasa Ramadhan sejatinya bersifat futuristik. Merujuk kepada masa kini dan masa mendatang.
Pertama, nilai-nilai ketakwaan yang merupakan tujuan utama dari perintah puasa misalnya, diharapkan mewujud para setiap muslim pada sepanjang tahun. Menunaikan qiyam atau salat-salat sunah di malam hari bukan hanya dilakukan di bulan ramadan saja. Begitu juga menyantuni fakir-miskin dan anak yatim serta menunjukkan kepedulian sosial diharapan tetap dilakukan oleh setiap muslim pada bulan Syawal hingga bulan Sya’ban tahun berikutnya.
Kedua, harapan menjadi “orang yang berilmu” (in kuntum ta’lamun) juga bukan hanya terjadi pada bulan Ramadan belaka. Sebaliknya harapan untuk menjadikan ilmu harus menjadi dasar bagi setiap muslim dalam menggali makna dan rahasia setiap prilaku ibadahnya, baik dalam konteks seluruh aktivitas ibadahnya, baik dalam konteks ibadah mahdhoh maupun ghairu mahdhoh pada sepanjang tahun.
Ketiga, harapan menjadi pribadi muslim yang pandai bersyukur (la’allakum tasykurun). Bersyukur yang merupakan salah satu nilai positif dan konstruktif dari hikmah perintah berpuasa, diharapkan bisa terus melekat mengisi hari-hari hayat pada shoimin. Karena ketika seseorang itu bersyukur maka hal itu sejatinya untuk kebaikan dirinya. Bukan untuk kepentingan Allah, apalagi makhluk yang lain. Sebuah kredo yang jika dilaksanakan secara konsisten oleh para alumni Ramadhan sepanjang tahun pasti dampaknya akan sangat dahsyat, baik untuk dirinya maupun masyarakat banyak.
Keempat, harapan menjadi orang yang berada dalam kebenaran (la’allahum yarsyudun). Berdoa dan mendekatkan diri kepada Allah merupakan prasyarat yang mengantarkan setiap muslim memperoleh jalan kebenaran dalam menjalani kehidupan ini. Harapan itu harus dipenuhi melalui ketaatan dan kesungguhan dalam berdoa, dengan sungguh-sungguh meminta kepada Allah dan bukan pada yang lain.
Dari pembahasan singkat tersebut jelaslah bahwasanya tujuan dari perintah puasa sebagaimana yang terkandung dalam ayat 183 hingga 187 surat Al-Baqoroh bukan hanya agar setiap muslim beroleh ketakwaan (tattaqun), tetapi juga keilmuan (ta’lamun), kesabaran (tasykurun) dan kebenaran (yarsyudun). Semoga kita semua bisa meraih semua itu.
Oleh : Kholid A.Harras
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