Selama ini banyak orang yang salah paham memaknai frasa ‘Idul Fitri’. Kata ‘Ied’diartikan ‘kembali’ dan kata kata ‘fitri’, dianggap berasal dari kata ‘FITHROH’ (dengan ha marbuthoh) yang artinya ‘asal’ atau ‘suci’ atau ‘bersih’. Jadi kata ‘Idul fitri’ diartikan ‘kembali ke asal kita yang bersih/suci’. Argumentasi fiqihnya, karena orang yang berpuasa oleh Allah dijanjikan akan diampuni seluruh dosa-dosanya, sehingga pada tanggal 1 syawal tersebut dirinya ibarat bayi yang suci dari segala dosa.
Pemahaman yang seperti itu jika dilihat secara etimologi tidaklah tepat. Kata ‘fitri’ pada frasa ‘Iedul Fitri’ bukan berasal dari ‘FITHROH’ tetapi dari kata ‘FITHR’ (fathoro-yafthuru-ifthor) yang artinya ‘berbuka’. Jadi frasa ‘Idul fitri’ artinya ‘kembali berbuka’. Maksudnya, kembali seorang yang tadinya berpuasa pada tanggal 1 Syawal diperbolehkan melakukan makan-minum alias sarapan pagi. Atau dalam Bahasa Arab disebut ‘future’.
Karena salah satu sifat bahasa manasuka, kedua pemaknaan tersebut tentu saja sah dan boleh-boleh aja. Walaupun demikian, kalau direnungkan lebih dalam pemaknaan Idul Fitri versi pertama, yakni kembali menjadi manusia yang suci, sesungguhnya sangat berat dan spekulatif. Betulkah puasa Ramadhan yang kita lakukan selama satu bulan diterima oleh Allah SWT, sehingga menggugurkan dosa-dosa pelakunya serta mengantarkanya menjadi manusia-manusia yang suci laksana seorang bayi yang baru dilahirkan? Padahal Rasulullah saw.menengarai melalui sabdanya, bahwa sungguh banyak orang yang berpuasa, tetapi karena tidak dilakukan dengan keimanan dan kesungguhan, maka yang bakal dia peroleh hanyalah rasa lapar dan dahaga saja. Jadi persoalan diterima tidaknya amalan puasa ramadhan seorang hamba benar-benar hanya Allah saja yang mengetahuinya.
Atas dasar karena puasa ramadhan seseorang belum tentu diterima oleh Allah inilah, maka redaksi ucapan tahniah yang dicontohkan oleh para sahabat Rasulullah saat salng bersua antarsesamanya di hari Iedul Fitri antara lain: ‘Taqobalallahu minna waminka (waminkum), waja’alana minal adin wal faizin”, yang artinya “Semoga Allah menerima amaliyah ramadhan saya dan ramdhan anda/kalian, dengan demikian kita akan menjadi orang yang kembali (kpd agama) dan orang yang berbahagia karena telah beroleh kemenangan”.
Sedangkan pada kebanyakan masyarakat kita tahniah Iedul Fitrinya mengalami amputasi. Hanya ujungnya saja: minal aidin walfaizin dan pemaknaanya menjadi “mohon maaf lahir batin”. Sebuah pemaknaan yang salah kaprah dan ngawur. Misalnya, apakah “maaf lahir” itu? Kata ‘lahir’ dalam bahasa Indonesia ini dipungut dari bahasa Arab ‘al-dhohiru’ yang artinya tampak wujudnya. Sedangkan kata ‘batin’ berasal dari kata ‘al-bathinu’, yang artinya tidak tampak wujudnya. Jadi jika merunut arti semantiknya pernyataan “mohon maaf lahir dan batin” berarti mohon maaf atas kesalahan yang tampak maupun yang tidak tampak. Benarkah demikian? Bukankah akan lebih pas jika kita memohon maaf itu atas kesalahan yang disengaja atau yang mungkin tidak disengaja atau khilaf? Hal itu lebih manusiawi sekaligus rasional
Boleh jadi akibat pemaknaan yang kurang tepat tersebut menjadi pangkal mula mengapa ritual Idul Fitri dalam kantong memori umat Islam di negeri ini dipersepsi sebagai kegiatan budaya yang wajahnya seperti kita lihat saat ini; memunculkan terjadinya perpindahan manusia secara besar-besaran dari kota ke desa yang disebut mudik, tradisi sungkeman, tradisi halal bihalal dan sejenisnya.. Padahal andai saja pengartian Idul Fitri itu pada yang kedua , yakni ‘kembali berbuka’ mungkin persoalanya akan jauh lebih sederhana, dan kedatangan hari raya Idul Fitri tidak harus menjadi perhelatan budaya kolosal dan terkesan jor-joran.
Kholid A. Harras
Ketua PC Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Kota Bandung
Laman : Idul Fitri: Hari Kembali Sarapan Pagi – Kempalan.com
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